LAW AND GOSPELOne of the most important distinctions to make in reading the Bible is the distinction between Law and Gospel. It is the most basic division of Scripture. If one confuses Law and Gospel, all other doctrines which one formulates will be corrupted as a result. Nothing has been more misunderstood, and yet nothing is more critical to biblical doctrine than the meaning of Law and Gospel.
The Law was given as the stipulations of the covenant which God made with Israel through Moses. They were given to test Israel’s faithfulness to the covenant. As long as Israel obeyed these stipulations or commandments, they would be counted faithful to the covenant and God would do what He had promised. The history of Israel as recorded in Scripture demonstrates that Israel did not keep God’s commandment. They violated the covenant and came under the judgment of God over and over again.
What needs to be understood is why Israel did not keep the Law. IT WAS BECAUSE THEY COULD NOT. God was holy and they were sinful. When Joshua asked the people of Israel if they would serve the Lord in the land of Canaan, they said, "Far be it from us to forsake the LORD to serve other gods!" (Joshua 24:16) Joshua rejoined, "You are not able to serve the LORD. He is a holy God . . ." (V. 19) The problem was not that they would not, it was because they COULD NOT. GOD WAS TOO HOLY AND THEY WERE TOO SINFUL. The gap was too great to span from the human side.
The fundamental problem humans have with the Law is that they cannot keep it. "For what the law was powerless to do in that it was weakened by the sinful nature," (Rom. 8:3) Apostle Paul gave a litany of quotations from the Old Testament in Romans three about the total sinfulness of all people. "No one is righteous," "no one seeks God," "no one does good." He concluded that "all have sinned and come short of the glory of God." This is why he says, "Therefore no one will be declared righteous in his sight by observing the law, rather, through the law we become conscious of sin." (Rom. 3:20). The Law was not able to save us (Heb. 7:19) because our sinful nature prevented it. THE PURPOSE OF THE LAW IS TO SHOW US OUR SIN. Like a spiritual litmus the Law draws out and traces our sinfulness.
If we could keep the Law we would be right with God. At least this is true in theory. The problem is that no one has ever keep the entire Law perfectly. Not until Jesus. It is intriguing to observe that in Jesus’ preaching, he gave the Law to those who were self-righteous, but the Gospel or mercy he gave to those who were conscious of their sinfulness. (cp. the Pharisees in Mt. 23 with the adulterous woman in John 8:1-11) He castigated the teachers of the Law with prophetic woes because they trusted in their own righteousness. This self-righteousness was maintained in a false confidence that they could and did indeed keep all of the Law. Jesus gave them Law to drive them to His grace.
Jesus told his disciples that their righteousness had to exceed the righteousness of the scribes and Pharisees (Mt. 5:20). If they broke one commandment they violated the whole Law (v. 19; James 2:10) He told them His standard for righteousness: "Be ye perfect, even as your Father in Heaven is perfect. (v. 48)" This was staggering to them. It was a standard higher than anyone could keep. Jesus was not telling them they could produce a greater righteousness than the Pharisees. He was telling them that the righteousness of even the Pharisees was not enough. God’s standard for holiness and righteousness is HIS OWN RIGHTEOUSNESS.
When asked about the greatest commandment, Christ summarized all 613 ordinances of the Torah, the pronouncements of all the Prophets, the wisdom of the Sages, all of the interpretations of the Targums, all of the oral law (Mishnah) and all Jewish Midrash, into two commandments. "'Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.' This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: 'Love your neighbor as yourself.' All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments." (Mt. 22:37-40)
We should not assume because Jesus simplified the Law that He reduced its force or weight. On the contrary, He merely focuses and intensifies it. Keeping the Law means to love God with every single ounce of your being, every moment, of every day, of every year, from the time you are born, to the last breath you take. We are not just to keep the Law perfectly without violating its commandments. We are to do so with joy and out of love without any trace of hesitancy or reluctance. And add to that, you must love your neighbor with the same passion that you have for your own personal care and survival. Just as we might devote the bulk of our waking moments to our own welfare and betterment, we are to turn that outwardly and give it to all others. NO ONE HAS EVER DONE THIS . . . EXCEPT JESUS CHRIST.
The second significant purpose of the Law was to drive us to Christ. The Law was "our schoolmaster (disciplinarian) to bring us unto Christ, that we might be justified by faith." (Galatians 3:24 KJV) The ultimate purpose of the Law was to lead us to justification by faith in Jesus Christ. We cannot be righteous through keeping Law. We cannot be justified by our own works. That is why we are doomed without the righteousness of another.
Why did Jesus come into this world as a child and live all of thirty three years? One of the main reasons was to live the life of perfect obedience we failed to live. Jesus testified, "And he that sent me is with me: the Father hath not left me alone; for I do always those things that please him." (Jn 8:29) Jesus lived a sinless life (2 Cor 5:21; Heb. 4:15; 9:14; 1 Pet. 1:19). Even more, Jesus lived a life of perfect obedience. He did so for our sakes that He might fulfill the Law: "For what the law was powerless to do in that it was weakened by the sinful nature, God did by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful man to be a sin offering. And so he condemned sin in sinful man, in order that the righteous requirements of the law might be fully met in us, who do not live according to the sinful nature but according to the Spirit." (Rom. 8:3,4) He did it to destroy the power of sin (which acquired its strength through the Law), throw off the tyranny of the Devil (which sin invited), and quench death (which was the punishment for those who broke the Law).
It was this righteousness which Jesus credited (reckoned, imputed, accounted) to us. The Scriptures teach: "But now a righteousness from God, apart from law, has been made known, to which the Law and the Prophets testify. This righteousness from God comes through faith in Jesus Christ to all who believe." (Rom. 3:21,22) The reason that this righteousness can only come by faith is that it is a gift. It comes to us by grace. If we do anything to "get it" then it is not by grace. This simple truth is totally missed or misunderstood by many Christians. Paul made it clear that our salvation comes by faith because it was given by grace: "The promise comes by faith, so that it may be by grace . . ." (Rom. 4:16)
One of the traps that many Christians fall into is believing that after they have been made right with God by grace or the work of the Holy Spirit, they then must become righteous by keeping the Law (or other commandments of men). It is stated different ways by different groups. Some will say that now that God had given you grace you have the power to obey and thereby be right with God. The Mormons teach that we do our best and then God’s grace takes care of the rest. The Roman Catholic Church teaches that grace gives you the power to obey and thereby cooperate with God in your salvation. (This is the position of Semi-Pelagianism, which is a heresy). Others speak in terms of the Holy Ghost. They say that since we have the Holy Ghost we have the power to never sin and therefore we can keep the Law. Take warning. This is the error of the Galatians recreated. To make this mistake is to fail to listen to Paul’s admonishment in the book of Galatians.
First of all, John told Christians: "If we claim to be without sin, we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us." (1 Jn. 1:

. Secondly, Paul’s statements that none are justified by the works of the Law still apply to all Christians (Rom. 3:20; 8:3; Gal. 3:11; Heb. 7:19). He wrote the book of Romans to Christians. Thirdly, Paul gave an extensive and profound warning to the Galatians about the error of Christians returning to the Law for their righteousness:
All who rely on observing the law are under a curse, for it is written: "Cursed is everyone who does not continue to do everything written in the Book of the Law." Clearly no one is justified before God by the law, because, "The righteous will live by faith." (Gal. 3:1-11)
- entire article by Bernie L. Gillespie