Biblical Creation vs. Evolution

[Soldier4Christ]

THE GREAT HOAX

      "See to it that no one takes you captive through philosophy
      and empty deception, according to the tradition of men,
      according to the elementary principles of the world, rather
      than according to Christ." Colossians 2:8

One of Satan's most clever strategies is deception and perverting truth. In this attempt to undermine both man's knowledge of God and man's assurance in the integrity of God's Word, Satan has propagated many lies to undermine man's faith.

Perhaps the greatest hoax which has been perpetrated on the world is the theory of evolution. This scenario, developed in the framework of the supposed geologic ages, is almost universally accepted and taught in the schools and colleges today as if it is proven fact. Yet it is utterly false, and its propagation is the basis for secular humanism, abortion, socialism and many other harmful ideologies in society today. Furthermore, this philosophy often destroys personal faith in the true Creator of the universe.

The geological ages themselves are based on the assumption of evolution, even though the billions of documented fossils have never yet yielded any evolutionary intermediates in the process of evolving. There is no scientific evidence whatever of real "vertical" evolution. No one has ever observed the formation or creation of DNA or any life substance either in the past or the present except in a living organisms. Evolution cannot be tested scientifically. It has never been observed happening.

This doctrine of evolution is the ultimate mockery of God and His word. In effect it says that matter is eternal and not God. Matter was created by random and accidental naturalistic causes and through this chaotic process developed into higher life forms including man. Satan must especially delight when those who profess to know God attempt to reconcile this concept with the Bible. Adding God to the evolution "formula" to make it seem more feasible only makes god out to be imperfect. It is absurd to believe the Creator would use a process of death and decay, survival of the fittest, and random chance to create the universe and then call that "good."

In challenge of this modern day lie, a prophetic passage of scripture was written by the Apostle Peter two thousand years ago.

      "First of all, you must understand that in the last days scoffers
      will come, scoffing and following their own evil desires. They will say, "Where is this coming he promised? Ever since our fathers died, everything goes on as it has since the beginning of creation." But they willingly are ignorant that long ago by God’s word the heavens existed and the earth was formed out of water and by water. By these waters also the world of that time was deluged
      and destroyed." II Peter 3:3-6

This passage was written specifically as a warning and exhortation to Christians preparing them through the Scriptures for the last days when men would repudiate both God and His word. And they will do so on the premise that "all things continue as they were from the beginning of the creation." This is as clear a statement of naturalistic evolutionary thinking as one could find, indicating that they think even "creation" is still "continuing" by means of the same processes that have always functioned in the past.

Scripture then charges those who promote this doctrine with "willful ignorance." That is, there is overwhelming evidence against the doctrine, and it is easily available to them, but they refuse to consider it! This is a precisly what one finds in science and education and some religion today.

The evidence which they choose to ignore falls into two major categories:

      1) Evidence for special creation, not by means of processes which "continue," but processes initiated and completed in the creation week by "the word of God."

      2) Evidence for the worldwide Flood, which comprised a great "discontinuity" in the processes of conservation which God initiated after the completion of His creation week.

Recognition of these two great events of history immediately brand as false the evolutionary scenario (uniformitarian processes operating over vast ages). God, in His sovereignty, knew that fallen man, living in the post-Flood world might wrongly conclude the age and origin of things. For just that reason, He gave us a clear record of what He had done and when He had done it. We are well advised to take it seriously for God is able to say what He means. Furthermore, the account is reasonable and logical, fully in accord with all true science and history.

Scientific evidences which support a scientific framework for Special Creation and a worldwide geological flood are so strong and so varied that continued belief in evolution is truly willful ignorance. There is scientific evidence for creation from cosmology, thermodynamics, paleontology, biology, mathematical probability, geology, and other sciences. Furthermore, there are many scientists in each field who conclude that the scientific data supports a creation model of origins, not the evolution model.

[Soldier4Christ]

      Dinosaurs and Your Worldview
      Dinosaurs have been woven into the fabric of evolutionary theory over the
      past century. They have been used more than anything else to indoctrinate
      children, in particularly, with the idea of "millions of years" and evolution.
      Natural history museums across this country directed by evolutionists and
      paid for, in part, by our tax dollars are "temples" of evolutionism.
      However, dinosaurs should be examples used to teach a far different
      lesson. God taught Job a valuable lesson as he considered dinosaurs.

Dinosaurs: God's Missionary Lizards

            The Bible
    * Dinosaurs fit in perfectly with the Bible's history.
    * Dinosaur-like animals are mentioned in the Bible.

            Special Creation

    * Creation was not by a slow, progressive, evolutionary process.
    * Dinosaurs have not evolved from reptiles or amphibians.
    * Birds did not evolve from dinosaurs.
    * The Creator created each kind of plant and animal structurally new but functionally mature.
    * Dinosaurs were created walking, eating, etc., just like
      fish were created swimming and birds were created flying.
    * This answers the age old question: "what came first, the chicken or the egg?"
      .

[Soldier4Christ]

# The Age of the Earth
# Could the age of Dinosaurs really be the same as the
Age of Man?
# The geological ages themselves are based on the assumption of evolution, even though billions of documented fossils show no evidence of evolving.
# Dating techniques for fossils as well as the geological formations are based on the presupposition that evolution is a fact and has occured.
# The dinosaur fossils speak of death - not development!
Their witness is one of extinction - not evolution.
# How old is the earth? If we accept God's record in Genesis, it was created with a cool crust and liquid oceans. (Gen.1:2; Ps. 24:1-2;
II Peter 3:5)  Thus millions of years were not required as evolutionists imagine. Evidence does exist indicating that our world and universe is young.

      Judgment: Worldwide Flood

# Mass extinction of many species including most
dinosaurs.
# Produced most present day geologic features and most
fossils by rapid sedimentation and rapid burial of dead
plants and animals.
# All fossils including dinosaur fossils speak of death, and
death speaks of sin and judgment, not of creation and
development.
# Rather than evolutionary progress over many ages,
these sediments and fossils cry out concerning a judicial
termination of one age.

      Second Judgment of the World

# Dinosaurs remind us of the terrible consequences
of sin: the Creator's first judgment of the world resulting
in death and mass extinction.
# As sure as there was a first judgment by water, there
will be a second judgment by fire!
# Scripture warns of modern day scoffers and skeptics who
refuse to believe, just like in the days of Noah.
# Because of prevailing evolutionary ideas about these
creatures, dinosaurs remind us that mankind will
ignore or pervert the historical truth.

      God's Love and Patience

# God's Word reminds us that God loves us and does not
want anyone to perish. He is patient with us.
# "He is patient with you, not wanting anyone to perish,
but everyone to come to repentance" v-9
# "Since everything will be destroyed in this way, what kind
of people ought you to be? You ought to live holy and godly
lives as you look forward to the day of God..."v-11 Scripture describes behemoth as an awesome example of
the power of God. And Job was reminded that as mighty as Behemoth was, the creature was subject to the Creator.
Dinosaurs remind us that as Creator, God is sovereign over
all. God is Creator of all.

God Loves us and has a wonderful plan for the real lost
world ! He created us with a free will to choose or ignore
His plan. You can know our Creator and have a personal
relationship with Him!

[Soldier4Christ]

Evidences for a Young Earth and Universe

Evolution requires an old earth, an old solar system, and an old universe. Our media and textbooks have implied for over a century that an extremely old age is correct, but rarely do they examine evidence that indicates a young universe. Actually, most dating techniques indicate that the earth and solar system are young - possibly less than 10,000 years old.

The old ages of the earth and universe are based on evolutionary presuppositions. The universe's age is based on the assumption that the Big Bang theory is fact. The estimated ages of the earth's sedimentary layers (which supposedly get older as you descend the column) are primarily based on the assumed evolutionary age of the fossilized organisms they contain. Thus, old-earthers are obliged to accept a progressive appearance of living organisms (whether by creation or evolution) spread out over hundreds of millions of years. Young-earth creationists, on the other hand, believe that the sedimentary layers of the geological column and its fossils were deposited in a short period of time by the Noachian Flood. Thus, while young-earthers see the geologic column and its fossils as evidence of God's catastrophic punishment for sin, old-earthers interpret these same fossils as evidence of uniform processes operating just a we see them today over millions of years.

However, since evolution in the sense of macro-evolution is not taking place or never has occurred, then the evolutionary presuppositions for dating purposes are no longer a logical consideration.

Here are some of these references and evidence for a young universe and earth.

Selected Evidences for a young earth:

1. The shrinking sun limits the earth-sun relationship to less than "millions of years."
2. The small layer of cosmic dust on the moon indicates less than 10,000 years of accumulation.
3. The existence of short-period comets indicates the universe is less than 10,000 years old. Comets disintegrate too quickly.
4. The moon is receding a few inches each year. A few million years ago the moon would have been so close that the tides would have destroyed life on the earth.
5. Galaxies wind themselves up too fast. The stars in the centers of many galaxies are moving faster than the stars at the outer edges. This would make the galaxies lose their spiral shape and spin into a homogenous mass if they were billions of years old.
6. The decaying magnetic field limits earths age to less than 25,000 years.
7. Earths continents erode too fast. They would erode to sea level is less than 14,000,000 years (destroying all old fossils) at the current rate of erosion.
8. Incredible pressure found in oil and gas wells indicates they have been there less than 15,000 years. If these gases and fluids had been trapped more than 10,000 to 100,000 years ago, leakage would have dropped the pressure far below what it is today because of the permeable rock that traps them. This oil, gas, and water must have been trapped suddenly and recently.
9. Molten Earth? If the earth was initially molten, it would have cooled to its present condition in much less than 4.6 billion years. The known temperature pattern inside the earth is only consistent with a young earth.
10. Polonium halos trapped within granite is powerful evidence for earths instant creation only a few thousand years ago. `Squashed’ Polonium-210 radio haloes indicate that Jurassic, Triassic, and Eocene Formations in the Colorado Plateau were deposited within months of one another, not hundreds of millions of years apart as required by the conventional time scale.  Dr. Gentry found many halos from polonium (a "daughter-product" of uranium and thorium), but in a number of cases there was no trace that any uranium or thorium had ever been present. The polonium must have been there when  the rock first hardened.  The rocks must be solid for a halo to form, and polonium has a very short half-life, so the rocks couldn't have hardened slowly, like the evolutionist model of gradually cooling earth or magma demands, else the polonium would have decayed away before it had a chance to make a halo. It must have actually been primordial  polonium - it had to have been placed there in the beginning! Thus the earth must have been formed as a solid in a very short time, no more than a few minutes.
11. The amont of helium in the air and in rocks is not consistent with billions of years of earth history. Most helium on earth is produced by radioactive decay in rocks. The small atoms of helium have no trouble escaping from the rocks into the atmosphere. That rate of entry into the atmosphere is known as well as the rate at which it escapes from the rocks. The remaining amount of helium is indicative of being produced over a shorter time frame than evolution requires and is good scientific evidence of a short age as taught by a straightforward reading of Genesis.
12. Only a small amount of sediment is now on the ocean floor, indicating only a few thousand years of accumulation.
13. The ocean accumulates sodium too fast. The oceans are getting saltier. If they were billions of years old, they would be much saltier than they are now.
14. The current population of earth (5.5 billion souls) could easily be generated from eight people (survivors of the Flood) in less than 4000 years.
15. The oldest living tree in the world is 4300 years old.
16. The oldest know historical records are less than 6000 years old.
17. Biblical dates add up to about 6000 years.

References:

Answers in Genesis: online
Helium gives evidence that the earth is young
Salty seas: Evidence for a young Earth
The earth's magnetic field: Evidence that the earth is young

Evidence for a Young World pamphlet by D. Russell Humphreys, Ph.D. Dr. Humphreys is a physicist working at the prestigious Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque. This pamphlet lists 15 evidences for a young earth.

In The Beginning - Compelling evidence for Creation and the Flood By Dr.Walt Brown. Dr. Brown is a retired full colonel and a West-Point graduate with a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from MIT. This book lists 26 evidences indicating a young solar system.

Dinosaurs, Creation, Evolution - seminar notebook by Dr. Kent Hovind. In this notebook from his Creation seminars, Kent Hovind lists 31 evidences for a young earth as well as references for these evidences.

Creations Tiny Mystery - this book by Dr. R.V. Gentry discusses Polonium Halos in granite which points to the conclusion that these rocks  were formed almost instantaneously.

Helium gives evidence that the earth is young - Article in Creation Magazine Vol. 20 No. 3 June- August 1998, by Jonathan Sarfati, B.Sc.(Hons), Ph.D.,F.M.

[Soldier4Christ]

Fossil Record Overview - Missing Transitional Forms

A severe problem for evolutionists is the absence of transitional forms in the fossil record. By transitional forms, we mean intermediate forms of life appearing in the fossil record that are "in-between" existing types of organisms found today or in the past.

If slow, gradual evolution occurred, you would expect to observe a continuum of change in the fossil record. After all, if life took millions of years to arrive at its' present state of development, the earth should be filled with fossils that could be easily assembled into a number of series showing minor changes as species were evolving. If present, these fossils would be the most direct evidence supporting the theory of evolution.

The opposite is true - no continuum! When fossils are examined they form records of existing and extinct organisms with clearly defined gaps, or missing transitional forms, consistent with a creationist's view of origins. The irony, however, is that many teachers of evolution and those who have been indoctrinated in it's theories will deny this claim and will attest to an abundance of transitional forms that they believe exist. They themselves have been taught that millions of transitional forms have been found.

Below are some of the gaps in the fossil record along with the testimony of the experts who themselves are evolutionists.

      "The extreme rarity of transitional forms in the fossil record persists as the trade secret of paleontology. The evolutionary trees that adorn our textbooks have data only at the tips and
      nodes of their branches…in any local area, a species does not arise gradually by the gradual transformation of its ancestors; it appears all at once and ‘fully formed.’" Stephen Jay Gould, "Evolution’s Erratic Pace," Natural History 86, May, 1977, p. 14.

      "At the higher level of evolutionary transition between basic morphological designs, gradualism
      has always been in trouble, though it remains the ‘official’ position of most Western evolutionists. Smooth intermediates between bauplane (a German word meaning basic morphological designs,
      or basically different types of creatures; that is, the higher categories such as orders, classes
      and phyla which possess different basic morphological designs) are almost impossible to
      construct, even in thought experiments; there is certainly no evidence for them in the fossil
      record (curious mosaics like archaeopteryx do not count). Stephen J. Gould and Niles Eldredge, Paleobiology, 3:147, 1977.

Consider...

The Cambrian explosion - At the bottom of the geological column in the so called Cambrian rocks are found highly complex creatures: trilobites, worms, sponges, jellyfish, etc., all without ancestors. It's as though you "turned the light on" in the fossil record. These are highly complex life forms appearing on the scene without forerunners. Trilobites for example, have compound lenses in their eyes that make use of Fermat's principle and Abbe's Sine Law. This is like entering the highway of life without an entrance ramp.

      ‘… I still think that, to the unprejudiced, the fossil record of plants is in favor of special creation.’ Prof. E.J.H. Corner, Contemporary Botanical Thought, A.M. MacLeod and L.S. Cobley, eds., p. 97.

      ‘…extensive searches by paleontologists have failed to reveal the Precambrian strata rich in fossils
      of multicellular animals [the ancestors of the many Cambrian animals] which Darwin believed must somewhere exist.’ Richard E. Leakey

Insects - When found in the fossil record, they are already developed without ancestors. Dragonflies are dragonflies, cockroaches are cockroaches. Instead of an evolutionary tree, we have only the leaves without the trunk or branches. To compound this problem the question of flight arises... when did they develop the ability to fly? There are no fossil intermediates in the record.

Invertebrates and vertebrates - Transitional forms leading to vertebrates are absent even though the transition supposedly took millions of years. It is theorized that life passed through a stage where a creature possessed a simple rod-like notochord. This has not been found.

      ‘How this earliest chordate stock evolved, what stages of development it went through to give rise eventually to truly fish-like creatures we do not know.’ F.D. Ommanney

Fish to Amphibian - Fin to feet... Evolutionist glibly cite a Fish --> Amphibian --> Reptile --> Mammal progression in their theory, however there is a large gap in the fossil record between fish and amphibians. Among other differences, fish have small pelvic bones that are embedded in muscle and not connected to the backbone unlike tetrapod amphibians which have large pelvises that are firmly connected to the vertebral column. Without this anatomy, the amphibian could not walk. The morphological differences in this gap are obvious and profound.

      ‘Although this transition [from fish to amphibian] doubtless occurred over a period of millions of years, there is no known fossil record of these stages,’ Kraig Adler

Amphibian to Reptile -The skeletons of amphibians and reptiles are closely related which makes this an ambiguous case.

      ‘Unfortunately, not a single specimen of an appropriate reptilian ancestor is known prior to the appearance of true reptiles.’ Robert L. Carroll

Mammals - Mammals just appear in the fossil record, again without transitional forms (Gish notes 32 such orders of mammals). Marine Mammals - whales, dolphins, and sea cows also appear abruptly. It has been suggested that the ancestors of the dolphins are cattle, pigs, or buffaloes.

      ‘Each species of mammal-like reptile that has been found appears suddenly in the fossil record
      and is not preceded by the species that is directly ancestral to it. It disappears some time later,
      equally abruptly, without leaving a directly descended species, although we usually find that it
      has been replaced by some new, related species.’ Tom Kemp (Curator of Zoological Collections
      at the Oxford University Museum in England), ‘The reptiles that became mammals’. New Scientist, vol. 92, March 4, 1982, p. 583.

      ‘The [evolutionary] transition to the first mammal, which probably happened in just one or, at most, two lineages, is still an enigma.’  Roger Lewin, "Bones of mammals’ ancestors fleshed out’.
      Science, vol. 212, June 26, 1981, p. 1492.

Also consider the enigma of flight - supposedly, insects, birds, mammals (bats), and reptiles, each evolved the ability to fly separately. In each of the four cases there are no series of transitional forms to support this assertion.

The primates - lemurs, monkeys, apes and man appear fully formed in the fossil record. The proverbial "missing link" between man and ape remains elusive and periodically changes with the thinking of the day.

      ‘Modern apes, for instance, seem to have sprung out of nowhere. They have no yesterday, no
      fossil record. And the true origin of modern humans – of upright, naked, toolmaking, big-brained beings – is, if we are to be honest with ourselves, an equally mysterious matter.’ Lyall Watson (anthropologist), ‘The water people’. Science Digest, vol. 90, May 1982, p. 44.

      ‘Amid the bewildering array of early fossil hominoids, is there one whose morphology marks
      it as man’s hominid ancestor? If the factor of genetic variability is considered, the answer appears
      to be no.’ Robert B. Eckhardt (Professor of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, USA)

And finally, dinosaurs. Again there is the absence of transitional series leading to these giants.

The most often cited "example" of a transitional form is the Archaeopteryx which has been touted as a reptile to bird transition. However, this creature is controversial and enveloped in dispute.

Sometimes evolutionists suggest that the transitional forms haven't been found because there has not been enough fossils unearthed to accurately portray life as it existed long ago. However, since Darwin's time there has been a hundred-fold increase in the number of fossils found and a systematic problem still remains. There are fewer candidates for transitional forms between major divisions of life than for minor divisions, the exact reverse of what is expected by evolutionary theory.

In summary, instead of getting a phylogenetic "tree" in the fossil record, you get vertical patterns indicative of creation, conflicting with the notions of gradual evolution and supporting the creationist position.

[Soldier4Christ]

John Baumgardner

John Baumgardner has a Ph.D. in geophysics and space physics from UCLA and has been a technical staff member in the Fluid Dynamics group of the Theoretical Division at Los Alamos National Laboratory for the past twelve years. One of his primary research interests is computer modeling of the earth’s mantle, especially processes that result in tectonic catastrophism.
Artesia Creation Conference, January, 1997
Title of talk: Catastrophic Plate Tectonics and the Genesis Flood

Abstract:

Taking Scripture at face value requires the fossil record and the geological change associated with it to be consequences of the Genesis Flood. This implies the Flood involved profound tectonic catastrophism that replaced all the earth’s ocean floor, moved continents by thousands of miles, and modified crustal thickness sufficiently to produce today’s high mountains - all within the brief timescale of the Genesis narrative. This lecture presents a mechanism inherent in the deformational properties of silicate rock that allows such a global catastrophe to unfold rapidly and produce the observed pattern of tectonic change. It also generates intense global rain, a dramatic but temporary rise in sea level, and profound vertical motions of the continental surfaces. The mechanism involves thermal runaway that arises because the deformation rate of silicate is highly sensitive to temperature, stress, and volatile concentration. Three dimensional computer calculations of the motions of the tectonic blocks and the dynamics in the underlying mantle were presented.

Geology and The Flood Outline by John Baumgardner

A. Geologic History According to the Bible
1. God created a perfect world, teeming with life, with man as its ruler.
2. The only Biblical event since death entered, involving global geological upheaval, is the Genesis Flood!

B. The Error – Uniformitarianism
Uniformitarianism assumes that most of the geological record can be understood in terms of present-day processes and rates.

C. The Reality of the Flood From Other Written Sources
The Flood is the single most widely documented event of ancient history.

D. An Overview of the Geologic Record
1. Thick layers of fossil-bearing sediments blanket the continents.
2. Relatively little sediment covers the ocean bottoms.
3. The continents have moved apart by thousands of miles since fossil-bearing sediments began to be deposited on them.

E. Some Evidences For Global Water Catastrophe
1. Planar erosional surfaces thousands of miles in lateral extent.
2. Single layers of coarse sediment thousands of miles in lateral extent.
3. Staggering volumes of water-transported plant debris deposited in layers ten of feet thick covering tens of thousands of square miles.
4. Ubiquitous evidence of animals suddenly and catastrophically buried.

F. Some Evidence for a Short Time Scale
1. Unfossilized dinosaur bones from many sites around the world.
2. Small amount of helium diffusion in volcanic rocks.

G. The Mechanism Responsible for the Flood Catastrophe
The rapid sinking of the pre-flood ocean floor, in conveyor belt fashion, into the earth's interior.

H. Main Geological Aspects of the Flood Event
1. Huge volumes of magma erupt to fill gaps in the ocean floor as old seafloor slides into the mantle below .
2. Violent eruption of steam from the ocean bottom into the atmosphere produces intense global rain.
3. Hot rock emplaced beneath the oceans leads to shallowing of the ocean basins and produces a dramatic rise in sea level.
4. As continents are flooded, patterns of intense water currents, driven by the earth’s rotation, arise over the continental areas. 5. Ocean floor, moving in conveyor belt fashion and plunging into the earth at a continent margin, dumps its load of sediment at the continent edge.
6. As flood waters transgress the land, thick sediment sequences are deposited over the submerged regions of continent.
7. Flow in the mantle driven by sinking seafloor slabs moves continents apart by thousands of miles.
8. After all the old ocean floor slides into the mantle, net cooling of the new ocean floor starts and the sea level begins to drop. 9. Retreating flood waters erode and rework previously deposited sediments.
10. Isostatic adjustment of zones of thickened crust gives rise to the present high mountain ranges.

I. Some After Effects of the Flood
1. Warmer ocean temperatures led to the build up of massive ice sheets at high latitudes.
2. Rockies, Andes, Alps, and Himalayas rapidly rose to their present elevations.
3. Intense earthquake and volcanic activity continued for centuries.

[Soldier4Christ]

COMPUTER MODELING OF THE LARGE-SCALE TECTONICS
ASSOCIATED WITH THE GENESIS FLOOD

KEYWORDS

Genesis Flood, geological catastrophism, runaway subduction, mantle dynamics, plate tectonics

ABSTRACT

Any comprehensive model for earth history consistent with the data from the Scriptures must account for the massive tectonic changes associated with the Genesis Flood. These tectonic changes include significant vertical motions of the continental surfaces to allow for the deposition of up to many thousands of meters of fossil-bearing sediments, lateral displacements of the continental blocks themselves by thousands of kilometers, formation of all the present day ocean floor basement rocks by igneous processes, and isostatic adjustments after the catastrophe that produced today’s Himalayas, Alps, Rockies, and Andes. This paper uses 3-D numerical modeling in spherical geometry of the earth’s mantle and lithosphere to demonstrate that rapid plate tectonics driven by runaway subduction of the pre-Flood ocean floor is able to account for this unique pattern of large-scale tectonic change and to do so within the Biblical time frame.

John R. Baumgardner, Ph.D.
Las Alamos, N.M.

RUNAWAY SUBDUCTION AS THE DRIVING MECHANISM
FOR THE GENESIS FLOOD

KEYWORDS

Runaway subduction, Genesis flood, power-law creep, thermal runaway, catastrophic plate tectonics.

ABSTRACT

Experimental investigation of the solid state deformation properties of silicates at high temperatures has revealed that the deformation rate depends on the stress to a power of about 3 to 5 as well as strongly on the temperature. This highly nonlinear behavior leads to the potential of thermal runaway of the mantle’s cold upper boundary layer as it peels away form the surface and sinks through the hot mantle. The additional fact that the mineral phase changes that occur at 660 km depth act as a barrier to convective flow and lead to a tendency for large episodic avalanche events compounds the potential for catastrophic dynamics. Two-dimensional finite element calculations are presented that attempt to model these strongly nonlinear phenomena. It is proposed that such a runaway episode was responsible for the Flood described in Genesis and resulted in massive global tectonic change at the earth’s surface.

John R. Baumgardner, Ph.D.
Daniel W. Barnette, Ph.D.

PATTERNS OF OCEAN CIRCULATION OVER THE CONTINENTS
DURING NOAH'S FLOOD

KEYWORDS

Genesis Flood, ocean currents, sediment transport, sedimentation patterns, shallow water equations

ABSTRACT

This paper presents results from a set of numerical experiments that explore the patterns of ocean circulation that arise when the earth’s continental surface is mostly flooded. The calculations employ a code that solves the 2-D shallow water equations on a rotating sphere with surface topography. Several continental configurations are considered, including that of a single Pangean-like supercontinent. A surprising yet persistent feature in these calculations is the appearance of high velocity currents generated and sustained by the earth’s rotation above the flooded continents. Water velocities in the deeper ocean by contrast are much smaller in magnitude. The patterns typically include strong cyclonic gyres at high latitudes with water velocities on the order of 40-80 m/s. The gyres tend to be compressed against the western continental margins and produce strong equatorward currents parallel to the western coastlines. The calculations argue that strong currents spontaneously arise over flooded continents. They suggest that accurate observational data on the current directions in the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks coupled with careful numerical modeling could be extremely fruitful in understanding the origin of much of the earth’s sedimentary record.

[Soldier4Christ]

Dr. John R. Doughty Ph.D.
Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering

A Brief Note on
The Second Law of Thermodynamics

It is interesting that the Second Law of Thermodynamics continues to be a difficulty for evolutionists ever since Darwin published The Origin of Species. Simply stated the 2nd Law requires that things go from the complex to the simple whereas evolution presumes things to go just opposite, from simple to complex by random chance process supposedly guided by natural selection.

It has been shown many times over that it is impossible for a simple protein to construct itself with the requisite amino acids all having the proper levo or left-handed optical activity orientation. For example, take an average protein which has about 445 amino acid units of the usual 20 kinds. One of the amino acids, glycine, is optically neutral. Since most bacterial cells have about 8% glycine, the number of sites for the other 19 amino acids would be 410. The odds of forming such a protein would be one-half raised to the 410th power or one chance in 10 to the 123rd power. Such a small chance is essentially zero. But let's take this the next step to make something as "simple" as Mycoplasma Hominis H39 which is considered one of the smallest known living organisms. It has about 600 proteins, all uniquely different. The odds of making it are one chance in 10 raised to the 73,800 power or no chance at all! Indeed Dr. Aw Swee-Eng recently stated "Molecular biology in recent years revealed previously unimagined levels of sophistication in the details of subcellular organization and function".[CEN TECH Journal 10(3)1996, p. 312. This has been dramatically shown in Dr. Michael Behe's book Darwin's Black Box, the Biochemical Challenge to Evolution.

So what does this have to do with the 2nd Law? Plenty! For an ordering process (the construction of a bacteria)to take place in an open system, the 2nd Law for an open system requires that the system MUST have an information program to direct the ordering process present either within the system or externally applied. Respective examples are a seed and a blueprint (nowadays a CAD drawing). By the way, information input is negative entropy flow into a system or its generation within a system (Shannon's Theorem). Further, the 2nd Law requires that the system must also have an energy storage and/or conversion mechanism to power the growth (ordering);i.e., the right form of energy must be applied at the right place at the right time in the right amount.

Evolutionists will commonly claim that the 2nd Law applies only to closed systems. Such a claim stems from the undergraduate level teaching of thermodynamics where the concept of entropy and the 2nd Law are introduced using the closed for simplicity and ease of learning. The 2nd Law applies to open systems as well as shown by Arnold Sommerfeld in Thermodynamics & Statistical Mechanics, Lectures on Theoretical Physics, Vol.5, p.155. At the undergraduate level Gordon Van Wylen pointed out in his textbook, Thermodynamics, Wiley & Sons, 1959, p.169, the following; "The question that arises is how did the universe get into the state of reduced entropy in the first place, since all natural processes known to us tend to increase entropy. The author has found that the second law tends to increase his conviction that there is a Creator who has the answer for the future destiny of man and the universe."

Another argument raised has to do with the non-equilibrium processes wherein ordering takes place:e.g., the laser. The laser is definitely not an example of evolution. The ordering process, the generation of coherent light comes about only by very careful DESIGN principles following and employing quantum mechanical RULES. The best chemical laser as far as thermodynamic efficiency is the HF/DF system with 6%.

David Boylan summarized the situation very well when he wrote,"Neither the initiation of the universe nor the development of the complexity of living systems can be explained in terms of natural processes. They have neither the resources to 'finance' the evolutionary development nor the intelligence to direct its progress. The initiation required enormous amounts of energy as well as sophisticated energy ordering - negative entropy!"

[Soldier4Christ]

Figures, you would wait till I left for a bit.

Well that's all I have for this thread at least for now.

[Shammu]

Well that's all I have for this thread at least for now.

Is that all brother?

[Soldier4Christ]

Unearthing the lost Peking Man

After years of searching, a new initiative aims to trace these historic missing fossils, says Ching-Ching Ni

Monday, April 10, 2006

After years of searching, a new initiative aims to trace these historic missing fossils, says Ching-Ching Ni

It's a mystery that has baffled the world for more than half a century. Whatever happened to the fossils of the prehistoric human ancestor known as Peking Man?

Their discovery in the late 1920s and 1930s in limestone caves on the outskirts of Beijing, then called Peking in the West, was one of the 20th century's greatest paleontological finds. The discovery was not the first of its kind, but it was the first and largest group of fossils of this ancient human found in China and established the hominid as a step in evolutionary history.

The fossils, believed to be 250,000 to 500,000 years old, included skull fragments, five almost complete skulls and bones of more than 40 individuals. Before more study could be done on the specimens, they disappeared amid a backdrop of war and intrigue.

Many have tried to track down the fossils, among them scientists, philanthropists, farmers and swindlers, as well as several governments. They might be hidden in China, the United States or Japan, lost at the bottom of an ocean, underneath an embassy garage or in a trunk among the belongings of a deceased person.

As time passed, even older fossils of early humans were found in Africa. The search for the missing evidence of Peking Man waned.

Then last year, the local government of the dusty suburb where the fossils were found decided to give it another go. A search committee was formed and a hot line established.

The new group sounds determined, despite long odds.

"We have to be confident and give it our all, even if there is only the slightest of hope," said Wang Zhimiao, a member of the committee, which works in an office on the hilly grounds of the Zhoukoudian Peking Man site.

Since the mainland's economic boom helped boost its international standing and national confidence, the country has begun a quest to reclaim art and relics lost or stolen during decades of foreign domination and occupation. Zhoukoudian officials believe that finding the fossils will allow scientists to undertake additional study and help their community's image.

Calls for a new search arose among Chinese scholars in the late 1990s. Mainland journalists in 2000 published a manifesto linking the rediscovery of the fossils to restoring national pride.

"I don't know where they are. I believe they still exist," said Yang Haifeng, who heads the search committee. "What belongs to us should be returned to us."

The committee's enthusiasm seems naive to those who have spent decades chasing dead ends. "This is not a mystery," said Zhou Guoxing, 70, a paleoanthropologist who serves as an adviser to the committee and has devoted most of his life to looking for the fossils. "Somebody simply took it and hid it.

"It happened because of war and occupation," Zhou said. "This is an international problem. It's not something some district government committee is going to solve on its own."

Out by the cave where the fossils of the hairy, heavy-browed human ancestors were found, about a dozen staff members have been sifting through nearly 100 leads that have come in via phone calls, e-mails and letters.

A retired construction worker thinks the fossils are in Tianjin. He once worked at a US military base there and said he saw Americans stash a box in a secret basement compartment before they fled China.

A former Chinese serviceman said they were in Taiwan. He said he saw a military plane fly to the Taiwanese city of Kaohsiung from Beijing during World War II and unload large crates that took three days to bury.

A farmer from Henan province said his grandfather long ago told him about a military truck buried in the middle of his village. It sounded so convincing that the committee took a team there and dug into the frozen soil for 10 days. "We cannot dismiss any piece of information until we can prove it is not reliable," said Yang, the search committee head.

Western scientists first showed interest in Chinese fossils during the late 19th century. Decades later, a Swedish geologist, fascinated by a tooth believed to be two million years old in the collection of a German physician who had hunted fossils in China, began his own search in old Beijing. A local farmer led him to a cave in Zhoukoudian called Dragon Bone Hill.

In the late 1920s, an international team of paleontologists struck pay dirt in Zhoukoudian. A Chinese archeologist clinging to the side of the frigid cave by a rope, holding a hammer and a candle, saw a nearly complete human skull embedded in the rock.

During the 1930s, more evidence of teeth, bones, jaws and more skull fragments, as well as stone tools and signs of the use of fire, were found at the site.

But as scientists sought to build a complete picture of how early humans lived, war began. Japan invaded China in 1937 and excavations ended.

In 1941, a decision was made by Chinese and US scientists to take the fossils to the United States for safekeeping. Plans were made to pack the specimens at the Peking Union Medical College, a US Baptist teaching hospital where research funded by the Rockefeller Foundation was being conducted. They were then to be transferred to the Marine Corps in the port of Qinghuangdao for the journey.

The ship was due to leave on December 8, 1941. But the day before, the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, and the Marines in charge of the crates were taken prisoner. What happened to the fossils has been a mystery ever since.

The Japanese told archeologist Zhou that they didn't have them and suggested that he look in the United States. According to one American military account, Zhou said, the crates were delivered to a Swiss warehouse for shipment to the United States. Zhou, however, said he could find no evidence that the fossils ever arrived at the warehouse or made it to the United States.

One of the strangest of clues came in the 1970s, when an American woman who claimed to be the widow of a marine, said her husband had a box of items at home from the war that contained the missing fossils. She asked Christopher Janus, a Chicago businessman who had offered a reward, to meet her at the top of the Empire State Building. She offered some pictures but then vanished from the building. He never heard from her again.

A former Chinese diplomat said he, too, had been contacted by someone offering to meet him at the top of the Empire State Building to discuss the missing specimens. That meeting never took place.

Zhou thinks both episodes were hoaxes. He has traveled extensively to the United States and Japan in search of the treasures since the 1970s and believes they are most likely in Japan.

The paleoanthropologist said he had tried to set up a foundation and search committee in Japan but was turned down.

"If you didn't take it," Zhou said of the Japanese, "what are you afraid of?"

[Soldier4Christ]

As can be seen in the prior post evolutionists are getting desparate to prove that their theory is correct. These "scientists" are pushing to prove themselves by grabbing at anything they can. In the end though they are proving themselves wrong and very decpetive in their practices.

[Soldier4Christ]

Intelligent design goes Ivy League
Cornell offers course despite president denouncing theory

Cornell University plans to offer a course this summer on intelligent design, using textbooks by leading proponents of the controversial theory of origins.

The Ivy League school's course – "Evolution and Design: Is There Purpose in Nature?" – aims to "sort out the various issues at play, and to come to clarity on how those issues can be integrated into the perspective of the natural sciences as a whole."

The announcement comes just half a year after Cornell President Hunter Rawlings III denounced intelligent design as a "religious belief masquerading as a secular idea."

Proponents of intelligent design say it draws on recent discoveries in physics, biochemistry and related disciplines that indicate some features of the natural world are best explained as the product of an intelligent cause rather than an undirected process such as natural selection. Supporters include scientists at numerous universities and science organizations worldwide.

Taught by senior lecturer Allen MacNeill of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology department, Cornell's four-credit seminar course will use books such as "Debating Design," by William Dembski and Michael Ruse; and "Darwin's Black Box," by Michael Behe.

MacNeill plans to examine historical disputes surrounding evolution.

The university's Intelligent Design Evolution Awareness club said that while it's been on the opposite side of MacNeill in many debates, it has appreciated his "commitment to the ideal of the university as a free market-place of ideas."

"We have found him always ready to go out of his way to encourage diversity of thought, and his former students speak highly of his fairness," the group said. "We look forward to a course where careful examination of the issues and critical thinking is encouraged."

Intelligent design has been virtually shut out of public high schools across the nation. In December, U.S. District Judge John E. Jones' gave a stinging rebuke to a Dover, Pa., school board policy that required students of a ninth-grade biology class to hear a one-minute statement that says evolution is a theory, and intelligent design "is an explanation of the origin of life that differs from Darwin's view."

Jones determined Dover board members violated the U.S. Constitution's ban on congressional establishment of religion and charged that several members lied to cover their motives even while professing religious beliefs.

"The citizens of the Dover area were poorly served by the members of the Board who voted for the ID Policy," Jones wrote. "It is ironic that several of these individuals, who so staunchly and proudly touted their religious convictions in public, would time and again lie to cover their tracks and disguise the real purpose behind the ID Policy."

[Soldier4Christ]

Fossil reptiles on the Russian platform

by Alexander V. Lalomov

Not long ago, Russian television reported an exciting find of large fossil tetrapods (pareiasaurs) in the Upper Permian strata of the western Russian platform.1 In that telecast, the director of the local paleontological museum described how the reptiles were buried in a standing position with their heads erect. This seemed so interesting and unusual that I visited the excavation site.

The site is situated in the basin of the Vyatka River near Kotelnich (800 km north-east of Moscow). More than 300 tetrapod skeletons have been found in a steep bank, along a 3 km stretch of the river (Figure 1).

The Kotelnich paleontological museum tries to explain the unusual burial position in terms of the pareiasaurs being ‘bogged in soft sediment after heavy rainfall, when the water level was higher and boggy substratum became silty swamp’.2 The sedimentary conditions of the region are also interpreted in terms of uniformitarian geology. Coffa, from Monash University, Australia, described the strata in detail.3,4 He determined five horizons when deposition ceased and erosion surfaces developed in the sedimentary sequence (up to 50 m thick). According to their timescale, uniformitarians say the strata are 260 million years old.

o me these conclusions are very questionable:5

   1.

      Pareiasaurs were herbivorous reptiles that lived in similar conditions to the modern giant aquatic turtle (Figure 2). I am not a reptile expert, but I have never heard of turtles being drowned in a swamp. It is more likely that the environmental conditions changed catastrophically and caught them unaware.
   2.

      Uniformitarians estimate the average rate of deposition for the area is millimeters or centimeters per thousand years. For these pareiasaurs to be buried in this way in the sediment (Figure 3), they would have to remain standing with head erect for at least ten thousand years. This would have been difficult, even for such patient animals as pareiasaurs! It is clear that these strata were deposited much quicker than uniformitarians believe, and that the rate of sedimentation was much greater.
   3.

      The silts and marls in which the pareiasaurs were buried contain virtually no plant fossils. It is difficult to imagine how 300 large reptiles, each more than 1 m long, could live without food on a piece of land just 3 km long. It is more likely that the reptiles migrated into the area to flee some catastrophic change in the environment, or that water currents carried them there.

The Upper Permian strata were deposited during the final marine transgression for the region. Since that time (allegedly 260 million years in the uniformitarian timescale) not more than 10­20m of the land surface has been eroded. Based on average erosion rates for some of the major rivers of the world (0.2–1.4 mm per year6), the timing of the transgression fits better with the date of the Biblical Flood, about 4,500 years ago.

Conclusion

This new find of fossil tetrapods from the Russian platform, buried in standing position with head erect, indicates catastrophic sedimentation conditions. This fossil graveyard is consistent with the Biblical Flood and a contradiction to the slow-and-gradual uniformitarian doctrine.

References

   1. The Kotelnich Palaeontological Museum, 8 December 2000. See ‘Kotelnich district of the Kirov Region’ and ‘Kotelnich locality’ pages. Return to text.
   2. Ref. 1, see ‘Fossils’ page. Return to text.
   3. Coffa, A.A., Stratigraphy and correlation of the continental redbed sequence at the Kotelnich Upper Permian fossil tetrapod locality, Russia, Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts 46, pp. 15­17, 1997. Return to text.
   4. Coffa A.A., Sedimentology and stratigraphy of the continental redbed sequence at the Kotelnich Late Permian fossil tetrapod locality, Russia, M.S. Thesis, Monash University, 1998. Return to text.
   5. These are only the preliminary results of the investigations made during my short trip to the site, which looks very promising for reconstruction of the sedimentation conditions. Investigators from Monash University, Australia, have made several visits to the area. I would be happy to talk to anyone interested in collaborative research in the area. Return to text.
   6. Walker, T., Eroding ages: if our continents were old, they would no longer be here, Creation 22(2):18­21, 2000. Return to text.


______________________________

My Note:  I must add to this that I also find it quite interesting that these animals where standing up and therefore were in more than one strata layer, each layer supposedly consisting of time frames so great that an animal would rot and disintegrate before becoming a fossil. This is more proof of a catastrophic situation such as a global flood.

[Soldier4Christ]

MUTATION TURNS FRIEND TO FOE, as described in ScienceNOW 29 Mar 2006.
Many plants and fungi share a symbiotic relationship that enhances the life
of both, but some fungi are very destructive of plants. A group of
scientists led by Barry Scott, a plant ecologist at Massey University in
Palmerston North New Zealand studied a fungus named Epichloe that lives in
ryegrass plants. As the ryegrass leaves grow the fungus sends out strands
called hyphae which live between the cells in the leaves. When the leaves
stop growing the hyphae stop growing and the fungus helps the plant acquire
more nutrients so it can grow more vigorously and survive dry spells. If the
fungus continues to grow after the leaves stop growing it stunts the growth
of the plant and will eventually kill it. Scott’s team made 220 mutant
Epichloe fungi and found one that had hyphae that grew unchecked. The
mutation in this fungus had knocked out a gene whose function was to produce
molecules called free radicals. In the normal grass-fungus relationship the
plant stimulated the fungus to produce free radicals when the leaves stopped
growing. The free radicals inhibit the growth of the hyphae, thus keeping
the plant and fungus growth even. Without them the mutant fungus kept on
growing and damaged the plant. Free radicals are normally considered to be
dangerous to living cells, but this case shows they can be put to good use
if kept under control. Christopher Schardi, a plant physiologist at
University of Kentucky commented that there are probably many genes involved
in keeping plants and fungi in a right relationship and this study gives
some suggestions for further research in plant-fungi associations.

ED. COM. Many fungi have been found to enhance plant growth and it seems
that just about all plants have a symbiotic relationship with fungi. It was
only after the fungus had a gene damaged, i.e. lost some useful information,
that it started harming the plant, because it was unable to respond to the
growth limiting signals from the plant. CREATION RESEARCH PREDICTS that gene
studies of other disease causing fungi will reveal that the disease process
is due to mutation in the genes regulating growth, just like this case, and
fungal diseases will provide good evidence that the world has gone from
created perfection to degeneration, just as the Bible describes. (Ref.
pathogenesis, mycology, parasitism)