Hello Brothers,
There are various interpretations of this parable, but I want to add something for thought that is quite beautiful.
First, Israel is the FIG TREE in GOD'S Vineyard.
Second, CHRIST is the vinedresser, but CHRIST is also the INTERCESSOR and MEDIATOR between GOD and man in this case. Israel didn't bear fruit after three years of CHRIST'S Public Ministry, so GOD wanted to cut the fig tree down. CHRIST asked for more time. What does Israel do in the fourth year? - CONSPIRE AND CRUCIFY CHRIST! So, Israel was cut off in the fourth year and set aside. It's important to note that GOD has not forgotten Israel. There is much more beauty that can be studied in terms of JESUS CHRIST - our Intercessor and Mediator. A beautiful second step in the study is the dying request of JESUS CHRIST on the CROSS: "Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do."
Brothers, the parables are a wonderful Bible Study because they relate to great TRUTHS. One of the greatest TRUTHS of today is the resurrection of JESUS CHRIST from the dead and our LIVING SAVIOUR still serving as our INTERCESSOR and MEDIATOR.
Love In Christ,
Tom