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Want the next big energy source? Dig in the weeds

Plants that can be grown for fuel are often touted as a vast, clean energy source - except by those who say precious food is being diverted into gas tanks, and that biofuel crops are using up dwindling land and water.

Enter willow, hemp and switchgrass.

Scientists say research into a new generation of biofuel sources could yield cheap energy supplies that do not compete with food crops -- or with nature -- for water or space.

The day may be decades away, but some say plants might even cover a large share of the world's energy needs.

Goran Berndes, a researcher at Chalmers University of Technology in Sweden, says the list of possible plants goes far beyond the established crops such as corn, maize and sugar cane that are already grown commercially for fuel uses.

"Bioenergy is much broader," he said. "Most people working in bioenergy expect other crops to dominate in the long term."

One promising energy source is the willow, a northern plant used to make baskets and sport bats. Others include hemp, known for its rope-making and mind-altering qualities, and switchgrass, a reedy plant found in the U.S. Midwest.

A new crop that is being used already is jatropha, a resilient, oil-rich, tropical plant that can be grown on waste land and even introduces nutrients to the soil. Its oil is already used in India to power diesel cars and turbines.

 Jatropha has grabbed headlines because it avoids the biggest controversy surrounding biofuels: the ethical debate over whether agricultural resources should be used for energy when millions across the planet go hungry.

This can mean using up water as well as land -- a reminder that biofuel crops themselves can carry severe risks for the environment, especially if hitherto unfarmed land is converted to agriculture with large amounts of fertiliser and irrigation.

The International Water Management Institute, which led a five-year global study on water involving more than 700 researchers, found that if China and India pursued their current biofuel plans, they faced water scarcity by 2030.

LET IT RAIN

Berndes has built models that try to peer even further into the future, assuming that crop yields will continue to climb as agricultural science advances, and new biofuel crops will become more productive.

One scenario -- highly optimistic, perhaps, but theoretically possible -- suggests that an area of agricultural land twice the size of Mexico could become surplus to current requirements by 2050.

If this were all used to grow biofuels, it could yield 400 exajoules of energy -- almost the equivalent of the world's current energy consumption.

Of course, such scenarios are hugely complex, and it is not merely a question of finding enough land.

 The assumed higher crop yields are likely to tax the environment harder by requiring more irrigation and fertilisation. "If you need less land, you cannot be sure you need less water," Berndes says.

Hence the need to ensure that the new generation of biofuel crops are not also hungry for scarce resources -- for instance getting their water from rain rather than irrigation.

And they will need to be commercially attractive.

"You have many different ways of producing transportation fuels from these new biomass sources that are not there yet commercially," he said.

BUSINESS BUDDIES

At least one business sector is prepared to lobby for biofuel crops that do not compete so hard with food production.

Nestle (NESN.VX: Quote, Profile, Research), the world's largest food company, says the subsidies being applied to current biofuel crops are distorting the market and pushing up the prices of food crops, and that second-generation biofuels could be an answer.

"If it works, and if it can be made to work economically, that certainly would be -- both from an environmental and from an economic point of view -- a much better solution than this strong focus on the current first-generation food crop biofuels," said Claus Conzelmann, Nestle vice president for safety, health and the environment.

But there are those who say the entire debate is misguided.

 Vaclav Smil, a professor at the University of Manitoba, says that with relatively straightforward changes to the cars we drive, we could do without extra energy altogether.

"I'm astonished that people even think about biofuel," Smil told a conference in Stockholm. "Do we need more biofuels to feed our cars? We don't."

Brother Tom, it appears you're not far off with that fungus and mold growth.  ;)

Islandboy, stop pulling those weeds. You're destroying a valuable fuel source.

I think that I'm going to stop cutting and burning the switch grass here and try to locate a market for it.


 :D :D :D :D :D

 ;D ;D ;D  Stop weeding all of you!!  :)

It's about time that alternative fuels are made.  We shouldn't have to depend on Middle Eastern oil.

If the environmentalists would back off of things we wouldn't have to depend on foreign oil now. The biggest oil supply in the world is on American land that the tree huggers won't allow to be drilled.

And I have all that pasture grass, growing in my pasture. :D :D :D

Weed Power.

No Grass Power......................... (http://bestsmileys.com/lol/4.gif)

Read the OP. It's weeds that will be the source of energy. Weed Power!

that should take you back to the 60's.  ;)

I think those flowers are a bit wilted now.

 :D :D

I love your laughing dog!!  :)

Do you remember "Mutty" from wacky racers?  That who the dog is............. ;D

No, I don't remember Mutty....where have I been?  :D

remember the Wackey Racers, on Saturday morning cartoons?  This was on back in the early 70's, if I remember right.

Wacky races was a 1968 cartoon based on the 1966 movie The Great Race starring Tony Curtis, Jack Lemmon and Natalie Wood. Muttley road with Dick Dastardly, the mean, cheating group that always lost no matter how much they cheated. Each time they cheated it backfired on them.

Oh, I was 18 then....so didn't watch cartoons!  :D

I was 18 then, too but I still watched cartoons with my little nephews.

Okay you two oldsters....................... ;)  Nope I wasn't 18 yet, in 68' I was 11. ;D ;D ;D

Still a shrimp.   Grandpa Shrimp.

(http://img116.exs.cx/img116/1231/z7shysterical.gif)

Thanks a lot!  ;)

Get him sister.   ;D ;D ;D ;D

 ;D ;D ;D Nah, I'll let him slide.  :)

Your welcome a lot................... ;) ;D ;D ;D ;D